<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
    <title>背景介绍 | Teng&#39;s blog</title>
    <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 1.9.7">
    <link rel="icon" href="/logo/favicon.ico">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="keywords" content="大数据,java,h5,前端,人工智能,深度学习,go">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#3eaf7c">
    
    <link rel="preload" href="/assets/css/0.styles.c17b3ac5.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/app.ab6a7ec7.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/2.bc9beebf.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/24.73629fb4.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/10.829fbe09.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/100.21819a92.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/101.cba9a2fb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/102.866a5b15.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/103.fdb7598a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/104.75b80350.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/105.3030b5b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/106.11a5a8f2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/107.232bdd92.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/108.a619d3d9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/109.d31480d9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/11.18a3d2d0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/110.7b7051ad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/111.6976153b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/112.935a63bd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/113.77296509.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/114.3ab3be4a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/115.9b0dac10.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/116.55bc2cd6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/117.75bd6d05.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/118.0dae142d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/119.b1a2888c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/12.81e292a4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/120.6a3fd99f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/121.ea1e1714.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/122.125ebe03.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/123.ec5bcef7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/124.f346a2dc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/125.11061d5a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/126.7f8bc26b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/127.26df99b6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/128.0d4aae4f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/129.ec01b50e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/13.89c37359.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/130.9e570618.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/131.ffaed293.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/132.6ef77a2c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/133.893078b6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/134.a5229ebf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/135.e1015261.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/136.655ac222.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/137.4c18a7dc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/138.17cf92aa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/139.7e23a82f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/14.5a11397f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/140.570f33f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/141.eb538cc8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/142.2f38d42f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/143.a32de735.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/144.76a63ee6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/145.42483d13.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/146.068119e8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/147.64de6f65.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/148.5709a561.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/149.9373f1d3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/15.f98080cd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/150.85328596.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/151.8179d926.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/152.357ef7ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/153.a7f37700.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/154.259e0731.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/155.609478f3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/156.c02413b4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/157.4225246d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/158.90aa3193.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/159.48a36d7f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/16.c2c39a12.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/160.1483c525.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/161.935da955.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/162.623fec51.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/163.9b588340.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/164.30ec5aba.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/165.189a8317.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/166.5af6c2ec.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/167.9dff1ac7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/168.622f7001.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/169.2e7169b6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/17.b69c805b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/170.722cbe91.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/171.bc79c387.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/172.ee6817b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/173.b35d740e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/174.5c6e7df5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/175.d4a5903b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/176.7be8b3ab.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/177.21a314f9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/178.7c287ca3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/179.b4682242.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/18.8b504010.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/180.0098b166.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/181.1ade00c6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/182.2cdebd59.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/183.019718a7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/184.d4ab9703.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/185.50d60e28.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/186.3a98e144.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/187.9ed4524b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/188.c3a8a353.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/189.b949cdaa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/19.6860ea74.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/190.7a54fb5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/191.804d06a5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/192.c729ba9b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/193.e8d492ad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/194.49b4668e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/195.e4508c24.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/196.538420c6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/197.56fda656.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/198.75e420ad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/199.67784aef.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/20.82f2e898.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/200.b32cd750.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/201.594db75b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/202.70b380ec.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/203.0de30338.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/204.360c28c7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/205.5b4b553b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/206.6bd13fc8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/207.875be01b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/208.00694e2b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/209.1fa15603.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/21.3f050c1d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/210.f11e4fe3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/211.a9beca8a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/212.2fb3a3b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/213.c2fb7dcf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/214.7613f2f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/215.ac00cd4b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/216.926eb535.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/217.e03af99a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/218.0212a1a9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/219.318a1817.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/22.f2a18e55.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/220.34f368ec.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/221.1d325330.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/222.f8ac9e1e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/223.1d081b10.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/224.d4a3c833.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/225.86046773.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/226.ee01e5ed.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/227.cc700349.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/228.121d2708.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/229.411a1a59.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/23.8416a606.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/230.ce1cd57d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/231.9e415c00.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/232.af1434b0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/233.aedf0a69.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/234.7343179f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/235.3ea94188.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/236.e632719a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/237.34a70a59.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/238.9582b4be.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/239.2a1f2f8d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/240.e0563eb9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/241.7a2b4d6e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/242.f9f59053.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/243.95904034.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/244.0c91ecaa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/245.58988353.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/246.73360878.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/247.3f36cb13.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/248.9bca99ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/249.e78a3dbb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/25.f62ba06b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/250.5999a7b3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/251.5204362e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/252.a731f0e2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/253.ef15afff.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/254.8e0d8aa8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/255.53408731.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/256.3d08ae8f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/257.1de6306c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/258.b3ec2e6c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/259.40e6c088.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/26.ed3d7d52.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/260.05ea317d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/261.048af235.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/262.905ce2e2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/263.8ace396b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/264.10841fe2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/265.f94f5548.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/266.bf7b6e06.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/267.4c03cbf4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/268.1886e607.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/269.9dfca98b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/27.18a2fe1c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/270.a0ebdd62.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/271.cb9ce68b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/272.99ea7c05.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/273.7f5c9d16.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/274.1ca50474.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/275.e0a79a93.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/276.5e9f441d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/277.31f82a4b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/278.2df5557a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/279.6caef400.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/28.30687ae2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/280.07da039a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/281.81b66752.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/282.a362880b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/283.37de8db2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/284.31a9bcd5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/285.e1ed9d70.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/286.5cd73851.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/287.b598b99a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/288.a2580005.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/289.83413eb3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/29.8f48fd0e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/290.405974a0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/291.f762f6f9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/292.f5851afc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/293.8e7d9ffa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/294.3694f780.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/295.84d9cd4c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/296.0a6bbe5d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/297.195f8ede.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/3.7494bd83.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/30.5f000d59.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/31.2f3aea00.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/32.78912726.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/33.4f600444.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/34.1ec8259c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/35.bc414639.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/36.b0c05f62.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/37.7e626d70.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/38.bb3a6a22.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/39.3d17059f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/4.ff6020d1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/40.2023aaeb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/41.64452f22.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/42.32522c9c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/43.ae24bdff.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/44.3acc6c82.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/45.2cec263d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/46.ceacfcd8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/47.59030139.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/48.fa5e3c59.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/49.2054398b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/5.f2ade644.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/50.47a76469.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/51.c36ce30b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/52.72ce6650.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/53.9dbe65dd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/54.b571c195.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/55.3502ffd5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/56.790119c4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/57.aae4081b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/58.e54d1920.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/59.6eaa8c48.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/6.04d544f0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/60.7b2d3e47.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/61.093542b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/62.d0af83fd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/63.b57f13fb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/64.acbb2295.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/65.87d05864.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/66.773a0404.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/67.c66984d0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/68.77bfcb54.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/69.7e3d1cc4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/7.bc46b052.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/70.dbd5eb9b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/71.109923c3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/72.c92d7f25.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/73.a8ef2055.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/74.79119a72.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/75.009bcb5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/76.cba94ffd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/77.caa07e47.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/78.fef64e9e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/79.72d6eb81.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/8.8cf6541b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/80.9370a1bd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/81.f53b6c0a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/82.01861305.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/83.4d69c6c5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/84.ea80ae96.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/85.34c10294.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/86.4c7d6d58.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/87.ade6c1ee.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/88.306bb690.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/89.ed02954c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/9.b3d99320.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/90.8db20502.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/91.3d01b6a4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/92.b3dcea87.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/93.28790aa5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/94.45722d7d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/95.c04b6585.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/96.7c4d9328.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/97.85bb6089.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/98.e22a9c08.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/99.fd9f1f1d.js">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/0.styles.c17b3ac5.css">
  </head>
  <body class="theme-mode-light">
    <div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container sidebar-open have-rightmenu"><header class="navbar blur"><div title="目录" class="sidebar-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"></path></svg></div> <a href="/" class="home-link router-link-active"><img src="/logo/TB-mini.png" alt="Teng's blog" class="logo"> <span class="site-name can-hide">Teng's blog</span></a> <div class="links"><div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div> <nav class="nav-links can-hide"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/" class="nav-link">首页</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/note/java/" class="nav-link">Java</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/note/font-end/" class="nav-link">H5前端</a></div> <a href="https://github.com/shetengteng" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
    GitHub
    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <div class="sidebar-hover-trigger"></div> <aside class="sidebar" style="display:none;"><!----> <nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/" class="nav-link">首页</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/note/java/" class="nav-link">Java</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/note/font-end/" class="nav-link">H5前端</a></div> <a href="https://github.com/shetengteng" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
    GitHub
    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/pages/c29ae4/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">背景介绍</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#关于运维背景知识" class="sidebar-link">关于运维背景知识</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#运维自动化发展历程" class="sidebar-link">运维自动化发展历程</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#企业应用场景分析" class="sidebar-link">企业应用场景分析</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#程序发布" class="sidebar-link">程序发布</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#常用自动化运维工具" class="sidebar-link">常用自动化运维工具</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#ansible简介" class="sidebar-link">Ansible简介</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#企业级自动化运维工具应用实战" class="sidebar-link">企业级自动化运维工具应用实战</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#ansible特性" class="sidebar-link">Ansible特性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#ansible架构" class="sidebar-link">Ansible架构</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#ansible工作原理" class="sidebar-link">Ansible工作原理</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#主要组成" class="sidebar-link">主要组成</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#执行命令来源" class="sidebar-link">执行命令来源</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#利用ansible实现管理的方式" class="sidebar-link">利用ansible实现管理的方式</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#ansible主要操作对象" class="sidebar-link">Ansible主要操作对象</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/pages/c29ae4/#注意事项" class="sidebar-link">注意事项</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/pages/b38488/" class="sidebar-link">安装</a></li><li><a href="/pages/388924/" class="sidebar-link">配置说明</a></li><li><a href="/pages/ff1ac4/" class="sidebar-link">基础命令</a></li><li><a href="/pages/2c8a0a/" class="sidebar-link">常用模块</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Playbook</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-0c557b5e><div class="articleInfo" data-v-0c557b5e><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-0c557b5e><li data-v-0c557b5e><a href="/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-0c557b5e></a></li> <li data-v-0c557b5e><a href="/note/ansible/#Tool-Ansible" data-v-0c557b5e>Tool-Ansible</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-0c557b5e><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-0c557b5e><a href="https://github.com/shetengteng" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-0c557b5e>Shetengteng</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-0c557b5e><a href="javascript:;" data-v-0c557b5e>2022-05-13</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><!---->背景介绍<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">提示</p> <p>🔥 <a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV18t411f7CN" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">视频教程<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p></div> <p>中文权威指南</p> <ul><li>http://www.ansible.com.cn/</li></ul> <p>推荐资料</p> <ul><li>http://galaxy.ansible.com</li> <li>https://galaxy.ansible.com/explore#/</li> <li>http://github.com/</li> <li>http://ansible.com.cn/</li> <li>https://github.com/ansible/ansible</li> <li>https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples</li></ul> <h2 id="关于运维背景知识"><a href="#关于运维背景知识" class="header-anchor">#</a> 关于运维背景知识</h2> <h3 id="运维自动化发展历程"><a href="#运维自动化发展历程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 运维自动化发展历程</h3> <img src="/assets/img/saas.a77cd4bb.png" alt="image" style="zoom:80%;"> <p>类比</p> <img src="/assets/img/saas2.aa620aa7.png" style="zoom:80%;"> <h3 id="企业应用场景分析"><a href="#企业应用场景分析" class="header-anchor">#</a> 企业应用场景分析</h3> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>Dev开发环境
    使用者：程序员
    功能：程序员开发软件，测试BUG的环境
    管理者：程序员

测试环境
    使用者：QA测试工程师
    功能：测试经过Dev环境测试通过的软件的功能
    管理者：运维

说明：测试环境往往有多套,测试环境满足测试功能即可，不宜过多
1、测试人员希望测试环境有多套,公司的产品多产品线并发，即多个版本，意味着多个版本同步测试
2、通常测试环境有多少套和产品线数量保持一样

发布环境：代码发布机，有些公司为堡垒机（安全屏障）
    使用者：运维
    功能：发布代码至生产环境
    管理者：运维（有经验）
    发布机：往往需要有2台（主备）

生产环境
    使用者：运维，少数情况开放权限给核心开发人员，极少数公司将权限完全
    开放给开发人员并其维护
    功能：对用户提供公司产品的服务

管理者：只能是运维
    生产环境服务器数量：一般比较多，且应用非常重要。往往需要自动工具协助部署配置应用

灰度环境（生产环境的一部分）
    使用者：运维
    功能：在全量发布代码前将代码的功能面向少量精准用户发布的环境,可基
    于主机或用户执行灰度发布
    案例：共100台生产服务器，先发布其中的10台服务器，这10台服务器就是灰度服务器
    管理者：运维
    灰度环境：往往该版本功能变更较大，为保险起见特意先让一部分用户优化体验该功能，
              待这部分用户使用没有重大问题的时候，再全量发布至所有服务器
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br></div></div><h3 id="程序发布"><a href="#程序发布" class="header-anchor">#</a> 程序发布</h3> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>程序发布要求：
    不能导致系统故障或造成系统完全不可用
    不能影响用户体验
预发布验证：
    新版本的代码先发布到服务器（跟线上环境配置完全相同，只是未接入到调度器）
灰度发布：
    基于主机，用户，业务
发布路径：
    /webapp/tuangou
    /webapp/tuangou-1.1
    /webapp/tuangou-1.2
发布过程：在调度器上下线一批主机(标记为maintanance状态) --&gt; 关闭服务 --&gt;
          部署新版本的应用程序 --&gt; 启动服务 --&gt; 在调度器上启用这一批服务器
自动化灰度发布：脚本、发布平台
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h3 id="常用自动化运维工具"><a href="#常用自动化运维工具" class="header-anchor">#</a> 常用自动化运维工具</h3> <ul><li><p>Ansible</p> <ul><li><p>python</p></li> <li><p>不需要部署agent，基于ssh</p></li> <li><p>中小型应用环境</p> <ul><li>由于是基于ssh，那么机器过多，执行效率低，适合300+左右的机器的企业使用</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p>Saltstack</p> <ul><li><p>python</p></li> <li><p>需要部署agent</p></li> <li><p>执行效率高</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>Puppet</p> <ul><li><p>ruby</p></li> <li><p>功能强大，配置复杂，重型</p></li> <li><p>适合大型环境</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>Fabric</p> <ul><li><p>python</p></li> <li><p>不需要部署agent</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>Chef</p> <ul><li>ruby</li></ul></li> <li><p>Cfengine</p></li> <li><p>func</p></li></ul> <h2 id="ansible简介"><a href="#ansible简介" class="header-anchor">#</a> Ansible简介</h2> <blockquote><p>Michael DeHaan（ Cobbler 与 Func 作者）</p> <p>名称来自《安德的游戏》中跨越时空的即时通信工具</p> <p>2012-03-09，发布0.0.1版，2015-10-17，Red Hat宣布收购</p> <p>官网：https://www.ansible.com/</p> <p>官方文档：https://docs.ansible.com/</p></blockquote> <h3 id="企业级自动化运维工具应用实战"><a href="#企业级自动化运维工具应用实战" class="header-anchor">#</a> 企业级自动化运维工具应用实战</h3> <p>公司计划在年底做一次大型市场促销活动，全面冲刺下交易额，为明年的上市做准备。
公司要求各业务组对年底大促做准备，运维部要求所有业务容量进行三倍的扩容，并搭建出多套环境可以共开发和测试人员做测试，运维老大为了在年底有所表现，要求运维部门同学尽快实现，当你接到这个任务时，有没有更快的解决方案？</p> <p>临时使用阿里云等环境，搭建临时服务器</p> <h2 id="ansible特性"><a href="#ansible特性" class="header-anchor">#</a> Ansible特性</h2> <ul><li>模块化：调用特定的模块，完成特定任务，1000+</li> <li>Paramiko（基于python对ssh的实现），PyYAML，Jinja2（模板语言）三个关键模块</li> <li>支持自定义模块</li> <li>基于Python语言实现</li> <li>部署简单，基于python和SSH(默认已安装)，agentless</li> <li>安全，基于OpenSSH</li> <li>支持playbook编排任务，使用role实现多个playbook的组合</li> <li>幂等性：一个任务执行1遍和执行n遍效果一样，不因重复执行带来意外情况</li> <li>无需代理不依赖PKI（无需ssl）</li> <li>可使用任何编程语言写模块</li> <li>YAML格式，编排任务，支持丰富的数据结构</li> <li>较强大的多层解决方案</li></ul> <h2 id="ansible架构"><a href="#ansible架构" class="header-anchor">#</a> Ansible架构</h2> <blockquote><p>ansible是新出现的自动化运维工具，基于Python开发，集合了众多运维工具（puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric）的优点，实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。</p></blockquote> <p>ansible是基于模块工作的，本身没有批量部署的能力，真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块，ansible只是提供一种框架，主要包括</p> <ul><li>connection plugins：连接插件，负责和被监控端实现通信</li> <li>host inventory：配置文件，定义操作的主机
<ul><li>各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块</li> <li>借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能</li> <li>playbook：剧本执行多个任务时，非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务</li></ul></li></ul> <img src="/assets/img/structure.52d82d1a.png" style="zoom:67%;"> <h2 id="ansible工作原理"><a href="#ansible工作原理" class="header-anchor">#</a> Ansible工作原理</h2> <img src="/assets/img/work_flow.e630e67c.png" alt="image" style="zoom:67%;"> <h3 id="主要组成"><a href="#主要组成" class="header-anchor">#</a> 主要组成</h3> <p><strong>ANSIBLE PLAYBOOKS</strong></p> <ul><li>任务剧本，任务集</li> <li>编排定义Ansible任务集的配置文件，由Ansible顺序依次执行，通常是JSON格式的YML文件</li></ul> <p><strong>INVENTORY</strong></p> <ul><li>Ansible管理主机的清单  /etc/anaible/hosts</li></ul> <p><strong>MODULES</strong></p> <ul><li>Ansible执行命令的功能模块，多数为内置核心模块，也可自定义</li></ul> <p><strong>PLUGINS</strong></p> <ul><li>模块功能的补充，如连接类型插件、循环插件、变量插件、过滤插件等</li> <li>该功能不常用</li></ul> <p><strong>API</strong></p> <ul><li>供第三方程序调用的应用程序编程接口</li></ul> <p><strong>ANSIBLE</strong></p> <ul><li>组合INVENTORY、API、MODULES、PLUGINS的绿框</li> <li>可理解为是ansible命令工具，其为核心执行工具</li></ul> <h3 id="执行命令来源"><a href="#执行命令来源" class="header-anchor">#</a> 执行命令来源</h3> <ul><li>USER，普通用户，即SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR</li> <li>CMDB（配置管理数据库） API 调用</li> <li>PUBLIC/PRIVATE CLOUD API调用  (公有私有云的API接口调用)</li> <li>USER-&gt; Ansible Playbook -&gt; Ansibile</li></ul> <h3 id="利用ansible实现管理的方式"><a href="#利用ansible实现管理的方式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 利用ansible实现管理的方式</h3> <p><strong>Ad-Hoc</strong></p> <ul><li>即ansible单条命令</li> <li>主要用于临时命令使用场景</li></ul> <p><strong>Ansible-playbook</strong></p> <ul><li>主要用于长期规划好的，大型项目的场景</li> <li>需要有前期的规划过程</li> <li>执行过程
<ul><li>将已有编排好的任务集写入Ansible-Playbook</li> <li>通过ansible-playbook命令分拆任务集至逐条ansible命令，按预定规则逐条执行</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="ansible主要操作对象"><a href="#ansible主要操作对象" class="header-anchor">#</a> Ansible主要操作对象</h3> <ul><li>HOSTS主机</li> <li>NETWORKING网络设备</li></ul> <h2 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="header-anchor">#</a> 注意事项</h2> <p>ansible不是服务,不会一直启动,只是需要的时候启动</p> <p>主控端</p> <ul><li>执行ansible的主机一般称为主控端，中控，master或堡垒机</li> <li>主控端Python版本需要2.6或以上</li> <li>windows不能做为主控端</li></ul> <p>被控端</p> <ul><li>被控端Python版本小于2.4需要安装python-simplejson</li> <li>被控端如开启SELinux需要安装libselinux-python</li></ul></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated:</span> <span class="time">2022/05/22, 13:02:53</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><!----> <a href="/pages/b38488/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">安装</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----> <span class="next"><a href="/pages/b38488/">安装</a>→
      </span></p></div></div></div> <!----></main></div> <div class="footer"><div class="icons"><a href="mailto:work_stt@163.com" title="email" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-youjian"></a><a href="https://github.com/shetengteng" title="GitHub" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-github"></a></div> 
  Theme by
  <a href="https://github.com/xugaoyi/vuepress-theme-vdoing" target="_blank" title="本站主题">Vdoing</a> 
    | Copyright © 2021-2022
    <span>Shetengteng | MIT License</span></div> <div class="buttons"><div title="返回顶部" class="button blur go-to-top iconfont icon-fanhuidingbu" style="display:none;"></div> <div title="去评论" class="button blur go-to-comment iconfont icon-pinglun" style="display:none;"></div> <div title="主题模式" class="button blur theme-mode-but iconfont icon-zhuti"><ul class="select-box" style="display:none;"><li class="iconfont icon-zidong">
          跟随系统
        </li><li class="iconfont icon-rijianmoshi">
          浅色模式
        </li><li class="iconfont icon-yejianmoshi">
          深色模式
        </li><li class="iconfont icon-yuedu">
          阅读模式
        </li></ul></div></div> <!----> <!----> <!----></div><div class="global-ui"><div></div></div></div>
    <script src="/assets/js/app.ab6a7ec7.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/2.bc9beebf.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/24.73629fb4.js" defer></script>
  </body>
</html>
